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It is quite clear that increasing interest and priority are being given to manpower and employment policy issues by governments of Arab countries. This is largely because of the social and political pressures arising from the emergence of a whole range of employment issues over the past decade or so. In the non‐oil‐endowed states unemployment has often been at levels which have caused public concern. In the oil‐exporting, capital‐rich states, however, the problems have been rather different with imports of non‐national labour at levels which have touched off discussions about the wisdom of development strategies which rely to such an extent upon imports of labour.

This paper presents case studies of three student teachers negotiating the demands of the National Council of the Social Studies' (NCSS) five characteristics of powerful teaching and learning (meaningful, integrative, value-based, challenging, and active instruction) while engaged in the context-specific tasks of student teaching. For these three student teachers, the context of both their teaching and beliefs about teaching combined to help them focus on two of the five characteristics more deeply than the others. These case studies suggest that social studies pre-service teachers can constructively use their student teaching semester to focus on developing strengths in those characteristics most appropriate to their beliefs about teaching and their teaching contexts, and that social studies methods courses can aid in this process by helping student teachers to reflect on these factors prior to their student teaching semester.

The process is reviewed by which the development needs of trainers in one organisation were established. A programme of workshops and related activities are shown to have met those needs. The model of learning need in the design is set out, and the processes necessary to ensure that a programme does not concentrate too much on one part of the learning cycle are discussed.

This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/eb045039. When citing the article, please cite: Stacey Birks, John Fyfe, (1985), “Manpower Issues in the Arab World”, International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 6 Iss: 5, pp. 19 - 26.

It is quite clear that increasing interest and priority are being given to manpower and employment policy issues by governments of African countries. This is mainly because of the political pressures arising from the apparent failure of governments to deal with a wide range of employment issues — especially unemployment over the past decade or so.

The growing interest of African governments in their manpower problems, a result of the new and more acute political and social pressures of the 1970s, has led to the hasty introduction of new labour market policy measures, intended to alleviate the problems. The impact of these measures are examined, and the potential for action assessed.

The librarian and researcher have to be able to uncover specific articles in their areas of interest. This Bibliography is designed to help. Volume IV, like Volume III, contains features to help the reader to retrieve relevant literature from MCB University Press' considerable output. Each entry within has been indexed according to author(s) and the Fifth Edition of the SCIMP/SCAMP Thesaurus. The latter thus provides a full subject index to facilitate rapid retrieval. Each article or book is assigned its own unique number and this is used in both the subject and author index. This Volume indexes 29 journals indicating the depth, coverage and expansion of MCB's portfolio.

We analyze several dimensions of food security in Ethiopia, taking into account projected population growth, economic growth, and price information to estimate future food consumption by income decile. The analysis looks at the potential impact of large consumer price increases on food security metrics. We use the new USDA/ERS demand-based modeling framework in order to carry out this study. The modeling approach captures economic behavior by making food demand systematically responsive to income and price changes based on a demand specification well-grounded in microeconomic foundations. The projected change in food consumption can be apportioned to population growth, income growth, and changes in food prices and real exchange rates. We found that Ethiopia is highly food insecure, with 54% of the population consuming less than 2,100 calories a day at calibration levels. Income growth under unchanged prices mitigates food insecurity with the number of food-insecure people falling to 42.5 million in 2016. If domestic prices were free to fall with world market prices, the food-insecure population would decrease farther to 36.1 million. If domestic prices increased because of domestic supply shocks and constrained imports, the food-insecure population could rise to 64.7 million. The food gap (i.e., the amount of food necessary to eliminate Ethiopia’s food insecurity) would reach 3.6 million tons. The practical implications of this are that measures of food security are sensitive to changes in prices. Maintaining higher prices when global prices are low maintains higher levels of food insecurity than would otherwise prevail. Expanded access to lower cost imports could significantly improve food security in Ethiopia.

The aim is to identify Henri Fayol's motivations as an accomplished business manager to publish his management theory at the age of 75.

The authors retrace Henri Fayol's private life using primary sources from various French public archives including civil registry records, military and diplomatic archives, schooling records, publications from learned associations and inheritance declarations. They then use a psychological theory, namely equity theory, to interpret this new information about Fayol's private life and construct an explanation of his efforts to theorise his management experience.

Henri Fayol's schooling and his father's military career respectively influenced his perception of mathematics teaching in management training and the functioning of the army. His motivation to found a science of management was not financial but instead most probably a response to the obstacles his father encountered during his career.

It is rarely known what motivates a manager to collaborate with specialists in management science. This research into Henri Fayol's motivations can be replicated for other managers.

The paper dentifies one major practical implication for managers who wish to contribute to management theory as Fayol did. Before they begin such an undertaking, it is important for them to reflect upon their motivations. Their motivations as managers, based on financial and business success are insufficient. Deeper motivations are needed, that are anchored in their own personal history to drive the considerable intellectual investment that is necessary for them to be successful contributors.

The results encourage managers to contribute to building and improving management science. They can theorize their experiences in dealing with the management of contemporary issues such as sustainable development and social responsibility. They must do so as Fayol did: using scientific method and strongly motivated by personal beliefs.

The research question is original: “What motivated Fayol to build his management doctrine?”. Scholars rarely ask why individuals decide to build and organize knowledge. This question is relevant for managers today as they too can bring original contributions to management thought. The paper reports previously unpublished details about Fayol's life to answer the research question, and in doing so completes and corrects the works of Sasaki Tsuneo and Henri Verney.

An Assessment of the Temperature Environment likely to be Experienced by Hypersonic Aircraft, Type of Structure Suitable for Use in this Environment and a Detailed Review of the Properties of Nickel Base Alloys, Including their Manufacture and Fabrication, for Structural Use. THE demand for faster and yet faster air‐craft has continued unabated since the Wright Brothers made their first tentative flights some sixty years ago. In 1947 the sound barrier was broken for the first time by the Bell XI. and with the design and development of the Concorde and the American S.S.T. the first stages of breaking the heat barrier have been taken. The next generation of aircraft will be required to fly even faster, and it has been suggested that flight at hypersonic speeds, i.e. Mach 5 and above, will be the next step.